Database Management and Administration Developer with SQL Salary in 2024
How statistics are calculated
The graph column is the total number of offers. This is not the number of vacancies, but an indicator of the level of demand. The more offers there are, the more companies try to hire such a specialist. 5k+ includes candidates with salaries >= $5,000 and < $5,500.
Median Salary Expectation – the weighted average of the market offer in the selected specialization, that is, the most frequent job offers for the selected specialization received by candidates. We do not count accepted or rejected offers.
Trending Database Management and Administration tech & tools in 2024
Database Management and Administration
What Is Database Management?
A database management system (DBMS) is a software tool that controls the organization, storage, and retrieval of data from a database. It contains various functions that are interdependent to ensure data integrity for data entry and management with respect to recording, retrieving, and presenting data.
A database management system consists of three main elements:
- A physical database that contains the data.
- A database engine that helps to access the data and modify its contents.
- A relational database scheme (logical design of data in the database).
The ‘physical design of data’ consists of complex tables. While this does provide useful information at a technical level, it doesn’t provide important diagnostic information regarding the main question at hand.
Types of Database Management Systems
Centralized Database Management System
It would all be there. It would all be there in one piece of kit, in one building. If you wanted access to the data, you’d need to come to that system.
Distributed Database Management System
Thanks to this construction, it becomes possible to locate different pieces of data on different nodes so that the absence of each individual node does not prevent us from accessing the data.
In comparison with centralized database systems, a distributed DBMS system makes a number of complete copies of the same data, or at least parts of it, and therefore, in case one of the systems fails, the necessary information is not lost.
Federated Database Management System
A federated database system maps several autonomous databases into one giant database system. Data need not be duplicated, as happens in a distributed DBMS, and hence is very appropriate to handle a distributed integration project.
Federated databases are further divided into two types:
- Loosely Coupled: Each component database constructs its own federated schema.
- Tightly Coupled: The component systems use independent processes to instantiate and publish a unitary federated schema.
Blockchain Database Management System
A blockchain is also called a database. This is because this type of technology stores transactions in data structures, known as blocks. The blockchain system has been widely used to save financial and other types of transactions.
Cloud Database Management System
A cloud database management system is a distributed database providing Cloud-as-a-Service (CaaS) on which the resources, software, information, and other data are shared through a network. The cloud is the main storage that people can access the data across an entire planet.
Importance of Data Management
Data have become one of the core values of companies. It could help a business to make decisions, enhance marketing campaigns, and perfect operational processes. Nevertheless, without the right database management system, companies may face data silos, different data sets, and poor data, which could lead to poor findings.
Businesses always have a reason behind database management. Here are some of the common and significant reasons for database management:
- To run business operations
- To automate processes
- To ensure adequate performance of queries
- To keep up with consumer demands
- To organize and track customers, inventory, and employees
- To store different types of data
Further, another inherent facet is the need for database management to abide by the ever-growing compliance rules of data protection acts, including GDPR, CCPA, and so forth.
Benefits of Database Management
There are a number of benefits that database management systems provide to businesses.
Self-describing Nature
A DBMS is self-descriptive, because it will contain both data and metadata about the database. This self-describing characteristic distinguishes a DBMS completely from any other file-based system.
Supports Multiple Views of Data
A database system can have many views, one for each user of the system. Each view should contain only the data of interest to one user or a group of users.
Multi-user System
Users accessing these concurrently can all contact the same database at a later time. This is possible because there are several techniques to ensure that the data is always correct and data integrity is maintained. This is referred to as concurrency control.
Restriction of Unauthorized Access
It varies accordingly from user to user. Some users might have read-only access while some can have read-write access using this system, which results in internal data control by limited access and prevents unauthorized access by other individuals.
Database Administrator
An average database administrator has to work with many tasks daily. Mainly, there are some fundamental tasks of database administrators:
- Troubleshooting database issues.
- Backing up and restoring databases.
- Performing scheduled maintenance tasks.
- Installing new systems.
- Writing SQL scripts.
Updating Databases
Maintaining the databases is the most essential part of the work of a DBA. A database that is amended and updated regularly is the one that is taken into use. A DBA maintains the database by renewing and issuing the permissions for database access. A DBA also takes care of all the changes in employment, such as changing shifts or roles and responsibilities. Similarly, the software in a database is updated regularly by DBAs. In software updates, the code needs to be written and stored. The database systems and programming languages associated with the database also undergo regular maintenance and need to keep up with the updates.
Organizing and Maintaining Data
A DBA needs to do this filtering and prepping of data – such as financial records, customer data, purchase histories, and so on. An application DBA uses specialized software to be able to put data in good order. How does the data get organized, especially without us knowing what we will want to do with it in the future? That’s one of the ongoing efforts of the DBA. They need to maintain that data, or have it in an order such that the person who is going to mine this data would find it relatively easy to be able to do the mining, to identify some key insights, some trends, some key performance indicators (KPIs), and metrics from the data, so that such data becomes very important in making decisions that are data-driven.
Designing and Developing Databases
Database design and implementation also involve how we organize data. Although DBAs might not be data engineers, system administrators, or application programmers, they can spin up brand new databases from scratch and then make sure those databases behave. DBAs can also help by putting themselves in the shoes of database users. If one can think from a database user’s perspective, this can lead to robust data models that perform the necessary tasks. By enabling supporting applications and infrastructure, one can assemble databases.
Archiving Data
The database administrator is by trade a data archivist. He is a seeker of useless data and is the human who will remove said unnecessary data. If the database administrator deems no one is using it, the data will be archived. Any unnecessary data that is used less frequently or that is kept for legal or industry reasons will be archived once deemed necessary by the database administrator. In this way, the data is kept out of the operational production system. Archiving data of less frequent use increases the active operational capacity, allows for a more efficient operation and a data backup, and ensures the DBMS is kept available for active operation.
Maintaining and Troubleshooting Databases
Maintenance is not the totality of DBA work; DBA maintenance includes database maintenance. DBAs don’t simply maintain data, they also maintain databases. Maintenance of any kind entails making tests and making adjustments while monitoring what a given entity (‘program’, ‘car’) is doing. That is why a DBA who knows several forms of database management systems such as Oracle or SQL (MySQL, SQL Server, DB2, Oracle, etc.) can maintain and troubleshoot them, not to mention an essential database maintenance know-how in SQL, the Structured Query Language. DBA maintenance also includes installation, maintenance, and updates for database management systems.
Database backups need to be done, effective disk use and application being hung up or even transaction rollbacks need to be monitored, and applications cannot be allowed to hang. In addition, the physical implementation of the database needs to be monitored and DBAs need to be aware of what is happening to the database with respect to performance so that they can adjust the database if it is performing poorly.
Improving Data Security
One of the major responsibilities of a knowledgeable DBA is to improve the security of the data through access control. The database administrator provides access to the users who need access to the data and removes a user’s access to any information, also altering a user’s access and privileges.
Other security responsibilities of a database administrator include:
- Providing data security education to database users.
- Creating best practices for data security.
- Collaborating with cybersecurity specialists on data security initiatives.
Database administrators also work to optimize securities by learning the latest in technological advances that prioritize security, as well as many of them obtaining cybersecurity certifications, which place them as more competitive job candidates and as more knowledgeable DBAs.
Creating Database Documentation
What some of a DBA’s duties are includes, among others, helping users, who are not experts in using databases, to use a system securely. Developing database documentation can be helpful to database administrators to prepare for this.
Documentation defines the database and its data contained in it and describes how the database is used and the applications it supports. Documentation defines how users who are authorized can be properly identified, how the system can be properly restored or restarted from a backup, and how authorized users can succeed in accessing the database. Documentation defines how cataloging of the data can be done. The data catalog lists what data is contained in the database, who the database owners are, and how the data can be accessed.
Training Others in Database Management
Employees of a DBA’s team need to take an overview of database management in the company. A database administrator may teach database availability, inputting data, database concepts, queries by SQL in a database, and reports generated from the database. Sometimes DBA documents about the training for members of the team.
Performing Backup and Recovery
Everyone who works with a database knows that database backups are a key requirement. Everyone regularly backs up the database and takes steps to ensure that those backups can be restored. DBAs continue to test and certify those backups regularly to ensure they continue to work as expected.
Planning for Future Growth
For database administrators, mitigation involves planning for the growth of database systems. To do so effectively, the DBA first looks forward in time and examines the usage patterns of the database system and its overall capacity needs. The DBA then, focusing on trends, suggests what type of system changes and upgrades might become necessary.
Planning an IT career? Learn about a database administrator’s typical work activities, skills, and pay in Your Next Move: Database Administrator.
Skills Required for a Career in Database Administration
A great database administrator has a very solid toolkit, enough to embrace all of the roles listed above, and more. A database administrator should have skills in:
- Data analysis
- HTML
- Database management
- Database providers
- Troubleshooting
- Database design
- Database structure
- Programming languages
- Information systems
- Data management
- Performance tuning
- Data architecture
- Database security
- Indexes
- End user management
- Data science
- Data administration
- Data analytics
A DBA should be knowledgeable working with Linux, UNIX, and Windows Operating System and Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and other database and computer systems and operating systems. By and large, most DBAs work well within an organization, have great communication skills, and are organized and logical in their thinking.
Those skills can be acquired through experience in the performance of database-specific tasks, and can be augmented by independent study and the best database certifications. Decreasingly in trend, DBAs achieve a bachelor’s degree in either computer science, information science, or management information systems. Some possess a master’s degree in one of the same.
Where is SQL used?
E-commerce Personalization
- SQL turns into a retail whisperer, nudging databases to reveal your shopping kryptonite to tailor those pesky ads.
The Matchmaker Databases of Dating Apps
- SQL plays cupid, sifting through zillions of profiles to find your potential 'swipe right' using complex JOINs for your happily ever after.
Gaming Industry’s Secret Sauce
- In the gaming realm, SQL is the loot box that spawns monster stats and keeps track of who's looting too much cheese.
Financial Forecasting Wizardry
- Abracadabra! SQL waves its wand to turn numbers into charts, helping bankers predict if it's going to rain money or financial frogs.
SQL Alternatives
MongoDB
MongoDB is a NoSQL database program using JSON-like documents with optional schemas. It suits large-scale data storage, real-time analytics, and rapid development.
// SQL:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 25;
// MongoDB:
db.users.find({age: {$gt: 25}})
- Schema-less: Flexibility in data representation.
- Horizontal scalability: Can handle large data sets.
- Performance: Fast queries for unstructured data.
- Complex transactions: Less ACID-compliant than SQL.
- Join operations: Not as straightforward as SQL.
- Consistency: Eventual consistency can be an issue for some applications.
Redis
Redis is an in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache, and message broker supporting varied data structures.
// SQL:
UPDATE sessions SET data = 'new_data' WHERE session_id = 'XYZ';
// Redis:
SET session:XYZ "new_data"
- Performance: Extremely fast due to in-memory computation.
- Flexibility: Supports various data structures.
- Simple design: Easy to use for caching.
- Persistence: Less durable than disk-based databases.
- Memory usage: Can be costly for larger datasets.
- Data size: Limited to available memory.
Cassandra
Apache Cassandra is a distributed NoSQL database handling large amounts of data with no single point of failure, ensuring high availability.
// SQL:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
// Cassandra:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE last_name = 'Smith' ALLOW FILTERING;
- Scalability: Efficiently scales out across multiple nodes.
- High availability: Designed for fault tolerance and replication.
- Write performance: Fast writes due to log-structured design.
- Consistency: Tunable, but can be complex to manage.
- Query support: Less flexible query language compared to SQL.
- Learning curve: Steeper due to unique architecture and design principles.
Quick Facts about SQL
SQL: A Relic of Database Chatter!
Way back in 1974, a group called the IBM San Jose Research Laboratory birthed what would become the chatty Cathy of database languages, SQL. Amidst the groovy era, Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce waltzed in with what they dubbed SEQUEL, later renamed to avoid a scuffle with a trademark. Their brainchild has ever since been the go-to gabfest for database die-hards, letting folks yammer with tables and queries.
SQL's "Stand-Up" Act in '86!
In the neon glow of the 80s, specifically 1986, SQL got its big break when the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) gave it a standing O as a standard. Its encore? The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) followed suit in 1987. This was SQL’s version of going platinum, turning it from cool kid on the block to the lingua franca of database dialects worldwide.
The Ever-Sprouting SQL Sycamore!
SQL is like that one tree in your yard that keeps sprouting new branches. Since it burst onto the scene, it's had a makeover more times than a reality TV star. With each new rendition – from SQL-89 to SQL:2019 – it's packed in more tricks, like handling JSON data, recursive queries, and window functions. It's fair to say, SQL's growth spurt is far from over.
-- Ye olde SQL whispering spells to conjure up employee names:
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees;
And so, dear database wizards, venture forth and sling SQL spells with the wisdom of its quirky past!
What is the difference between Junior, Middle, Senior and Expert SQL developer?
| Seniority Name | Years of Experience | Average Salary (USD/year) | Quality-wise | Responsibilities & Activities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Junior SQL Developer | 0-2 | 50,000-70,000 | Learning and mastering basics |
|
| Middle SQL Developer | 2-5 | 70,000-90,000 | Refining skills, taking on complex tasks |
|
| Senior SQL Developer | 5-10 | 90,000-120,000 | Expert problem-solving, mentoring |
|
| Expert/Team Lead SQL Developer | 10+ | 120,000+ | Strategic planning, leadership |
|
Top 10 SQL Related Tech
SQL Dialects: The Tower of Babel in Database Land
SQL dialects are like the various accented English spoken around the world – you think everyone understands you until you ask for "tomatoes" in a British grocery store. Get familiar with the quirks of each – be it T-SQL for Microsoft's SQL Server or PL/SQL for Oracle. They all promise to organize your data, but they'll each do it with their own flair.SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS): The Swiss Army Knife
SSMS is the go-to toolkit for anyone who needs to meddle with SQL Server databases. It's like walking into a data dungeon with a glowing sword of insights, allowing you to query, design, and manage your databases and data warehouses with the elegance of a knight at a medieval banquet.MySQL Workbench: Your SQL Soulmate
MySQL Workbench is the blind date that went surprisingly well. Originally unsure about its awkward interface, developers soon find it comforting, helpful, and powerful for designing, modeling, and managing MySQL databases. Plus, it's great for visual types who like to draw out their database relationships rather than spell them out.PostgreSQL: The Elephant in the Room
PostgreSQL, affectionately known as Postgres, is the wise old elephant that never forgets a datum. It's comprehensive, robust, and has more features than a Swiss knife. It's the go-to for developers looking for more than just a data storage system but a full-fledged relational experience with toys like JSON support and concurrency without read locks.SQLite: The Minimalist's Dream
SQLite is the pocket-sized, low-maintenance pet you never knew you needed. Lives directly in apps with zero configuration, it's like a simple notepad for your data – no frills, just writes and reads. And it’s so lightweight, you can almost forget it's there...until you need that crucial piece of data while offline in a remote forest.Microsoft Azure SQL Database: The Cloud Juggler
Microsoft Azure SQL Database is like hiring a cloud that follows you around all day, holding your data. It scales on-demand, backs up your life automatically, and promises a 99.99% up-time, which is more reliable than your average superhero.Oracle Database: The Ancient Reliquary
This is the granddaddy of databases, so mature and feature-rich that it's like a walking encyclopedia of data management knowledge. However, be ready to dedicate a significant chunk of your life to studying its ancient texts and offerings if you wish to unlock its full potential.ORMs (Object-Relational Mapping): The Translator
ORMs are like that friend who knows just a little too many languages. They translate your object-oriented languages such as Python, Ruby, or JavaScript into SQL so smoothly that you might forget that not everyone speaks "Database" natively. Some crowd favorites are Hibernate, Entity Framework, and Sequelize.// Example in JavaScript with Sequelize
const User = sequelize.define('user', {
username: Sequelize.STRING,
birthday: Sequelize.DATE
});
User.create({
username: 'techwizard',
birthday: new Date(1991, 0, 1)
});
NoSQL Databases: The Nonconformist's Choice
On the opposite side of the strict traditional SQL databases, NoSQL came along like a rebellious teenager refusing to fit into rows and columns. Think MongoDB or Cassandra, perfect for when your data is more "free-spirit" than "strict librarian" and doesn't like being boxed in by schemas.Data Visualization Tools: SQL's Crystal Ball
Once you've queried your heart out and have the data, tools like Tableau or Microsoft Power BI help you peer into the crystal ball to make sense of it all. These tools are the fortune tellers in the SQL world, turning numbers and strings into prophetic insights via charts, graphs, and dashboards.