How statistics are calculated
We count how many offers each candidate received and for what salary. For example, if a Back-End Web developer with FastApi with a salary of $4,500 received 10 offers, then we would count him 10 times. If there were no offers, then he would not get into the statistics either.
The graph column is the total number of offers. This is not the number of vacancies, but an indicator of the level of demand. The more offers there are, the more companies try to hire such a specialist. 5k+ includes candidates with salaries >= $5,000 and < $5,500.
Median Salary Expectation – the weighted average of the market offer in the selected specialization, that is, the most frequent job offers for the selected specialization received by candidates. We do not count accepted or rejected offers.
Trending Back-End Web tech & tools in 2024
Back-End Web
What does a back-end developer do?
A back-end developer is in the back end of a more or less invisible system of unseen work, but vital all the same to web development. Back-end developers make sure the website or application works how it should. They have to deal with servers, databases, and application logic. They develop systems and processes. They maintain databases. They deal with bugs. They interface with APIs. They make security systems work correctly.
Specifics differ from firm to firm, but on the back end a back-end developer might oversee some, most, or all of the following:
- Developing the systems and processes to meet the application’s specified requirements
- Maintaining databases, including data storage and retrieval, organization, backups, and security
- Finding and fixing bugs in the back-end code
- Managing any APIs the company uses to integrate applications, both externally and internally
- Conducting performance optimization to increase efficiency and improve the user experience
- Building and managing libraries of code for reuse by developers across the business
- Helping develop the overall architecture of the application’s back-end
- Securing the application from cyberattacks
Back-end developers also work together with front-end developers to transform their function into user-facing content in the app interface. Back-end developers often deal with managers, architects, designers, researchers, IT security and so many others to make web applications work.
In the end, front-end developers aim to make the interface fun, playful, and interactive while back-end teams build up the invisible structures that power the front-end.
Back-end Developer Skills
Ok, so we now know what a back-end developer does (mostly). But what does she need to know in order to do it? In this part, we’ll be looking at the primary skills to look for if you’re hiring a back-end developer, or if you’re hell-bent on becoming one.
Programming Languages
Web developers use a multitude of languages to build the servers, databases, and application logic on servers. Here is the list:
Python
Python is a general-purpose programming language, commonly used for building the non-public, or ‘back-end’, part of software programs and web applications currently charging you for breakfast, dinner, or that retro toy you ordered on a whim on a marketplace site last night. It is a powerful language that is enjoyable to write in, and able to operate well for any purpose you throw at it. Every back-end programmer should at least have a basic level of knowledge about it.
Java
Java, another general-purpose language, is often used in the back-end of application development for the same reason. It’s deployable across many environments and flexible enough to power very large, complex, high-performance software projects.
PHP
PHP is a so-called server-side programming language – this basically means, you create a website using PHP which dynamically loads content at the demand of the user (or the browser requesting the page). PHP dynamically builds the page on the server from content of housed databases. The opposite of this is a static website – which means you create a website, and it’s stored completely on the servers and therefore presented exactly the same to all visitors – even if, in PHP, the display can be different.
Other Languages
True, there are many other programming languages that back-end developers might prefer. There’s Ruby, a high-level language that allows one to build both web and mobile applications in a quick and effective manner, there’s C, a lower-level language (and the most popular language in the world), and there’s .NET, a framework provided by Microsoft to build websites and web apps.
Furthermore, a back-end developer might write code in SQL (Structured Query Language) or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), programming languages that are geared towards database management.
Front-End Languages
Although it’s often the case that the back-end developer works almost exclusively on the server-side in a language like PHP or Java, some basic knowledge of front-end languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript will still come in handy when you work on a web-based project. In general, there are three technical languages that you learn on the front end:
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language): Codes content (text and links) and structure of a web page. All web pages are built with HTML, and its file names always end in .html.
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Because Cascading Style Sheets are a programming language that describes how pages should look – without it, the web would be filled mostly with seas of block text and images with no layout or style. CSS is also the reason that web page content adapts to fit different browser sizes and devices.
- JavaScript: Often abbreviated as JS, developers use it to change animations, dynamically update page content, and on websites run scripts without having to ask the back-end.
These languages will make it easier for you to work with front-end developers and designers and, if there is a bug that uses both front-end and back-end resources, it will help you to diagnose it faster. They are also good skills to learn in general, especially if you want to learn design or become a full-stack developer.
Database Management
Moving data in or out of the application database, a significant part of the back-end developer’s work, comes under the scope of modern database technologies.
Databases can be divided into two types: relational databases and non-relational databases. Relational databases store related data points like a customer such as name, and email or account ID. Relational Databases are data arranged in a tabular manner with relata in the same row and the language used to interact with it is SQL.
Then, in contrast to relational databases, non-relational databases (or NoSQL databases) don’t typically store data points based on their relatedness (though they might relate the data nonetheless). Instead of rows in tables, non-relational databases store their information in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and/or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Useful knowledge about NoSQL database programmes, such as Redis and MongoDB, can go hand-in-hand with SQL on the back-end.
Server-Side Software
Back-end developers get process versions in server systems. You should be familiar with standard server software such as Apache, Nginx, Microsoft IIS, and Linux-based operating systems. You should know how web servers receive and handle requests for web pages on websites, how they store the data they get, and the basics of keeping them scalable and safe.
APIs
An API – an application programming interface – is a set of definitions and protocols that allows two applications (or pieces of software) to talk to and share data with each other. An API goes out and listens for incoming requests from another application, and then responds by carrying out that request (which could be requesting or modifying some chunk of data in the database of the other app). Every time you see one piece of software reused in another, APIs made it possible. Apps such as Facebook, YouTube, Google and Spotify make tons of their data available through public APIs.
There are plenty of APIs in existence today, the most prominent of which are REST APIs. If you want to be a web developer, you’ll need to have a working knowledge of REST APIs (and possibly SOAP ones), a technology that ties together not only different applications owned by different vendors, but also individual back-end services.
Data Structures and Algorithms
In contrast to other, more concrete technologies that will be discussed below, data structures and algorithms are highly conceptual but still incredibly important. A competent back-end developer must have a decent understanding of these areas to perform his or her job, which is why they appear in the academic curriculum of computer science.
Making a picture in the mind: a data structure is a pattern we use in a computer to organise data. The above examples were arrays, linked lists, trees, and tries; hash tables, heaps, stacks, and queues – the back-end developer will run into most or all of these at some point in their career.
Broadly, an algorithm is a defined process to solve a problem. Every back-end developer is familiar with the foundational algorithms of computer software: you’ll use some form of sorting algorithm; you’ll write some kind of search algorithm for searching texts or databases; you’ll parse and compare strings; you’ll hash stuff to make comparisons between string lengths easier; you’ll use recursive algorithms, or code that’s essentially a textual expression of how a function repeats itself.
Other Important Skills
There is also much more that you can learn in the domain of back-end programming than just those core skills, as listed above. Here are some more skills that you will find useful as a back-end programmer:
- Experience with a version control system — likely Git, as well as familiarity with GitHub
- Knowledge of orexperience with server management
- Communication skills, and an ability to explain complex technical topics to non-experts
- Time management skills, as you’ll likely be balancing several responsibilities at once
- Understanding of cloud computing and hosting
- Understanding web accessibility best practices
- Understanding cybersecurity best practices
Where is FastApi used?
FastAPI Capers
APIs at Lightning Speed
- Demolishing the snail-paced legacy systems, FastAPI rushes in to whip up RESTful services faster than you can say "Pythonic Principles"!
Unicorn Startups Galore
- Startups juggling the art of speed-coding and crafty budgeting are worshipping FastAPI as if it's the Silicon Valley's latest deity!
ML Models Say 'Hello World'
- Machine Learning enthusiasts use FastAPI to serve their models on a silver platter, sometimes with a side of swagger documentation!
IoT Devices Chat Smarter
- The Internet of Things has found its chatty friend in FastAPI, making device communications smoother than a greased-up otter slide.
FastApi Alternatives
Flask
Flask is a lightweight WSGI web application framework. It is designed to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to complex applications.
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello, World!'
- Simple and easy to use.
- Highly flexible and lightweight.
- Extensive community support.
- Not asynchronous, which can lead to performance bottlenecks.
- Limited built-in functionalities.
- Scaling horizontally can be challenging.
Django
Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It has a built-in ORM and follows the MVT architecture.
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
def home_page_view(request):
return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')
- Robust and scalable.
- Batteries-included philosophy.
- Great for admin interfaces and data-driven apps.
- Monolithic and less flexible for microservices.
- Steep learning curve for beginners.
- More complex deployment process.
Sanic
Sanic is a Python 3.7+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast and handle asynchronous request processing with the ability to scale up.
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import json
app = Sanic("MyHelloWorldApp")
@app.route('/')
async def test(request):
return json({'hello': 'world'})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)
- Designed for high-performance, asynchronous request handling.
- Easy to scale and extend.
- Supports async and await syntax.
- Less mature compared to Flask and Django.
- Smaller community and ecosystem.
- Limited support for synchronous libraries.
Quick Facts about FastApi
🚀 FastAPI Takes Off!
Born from a dream in 2018 - the year we'll never forget because of the endless memes - the brainchild of the coding maestro Sebastián Ramírez took its first breath. FastAPI, not to be confused with a quick trip through your local drive-thru, promised to speed up web development like you wouldn't believe! Its secret sauce? Starlette for the web parts and Pydantic for the data bits, creating a dynamic duo faster than a caffeinated coder on a deadline.
🧙♂️ Asynchronous Alchemy!
With FastAPI, you're not just coding; you're conducting a high-speed symphony where each note is an async request. It's like your code has been given the Usain Bolt treatment, sprinting through operations with asynchronous support that could make Node.js blush. Here's a sneak peek at this mystical spell:
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
🎯 Precise with Pydantic
Data validation and settings management might sound as exciting as watching paint dry, but FastAPI turned it into a precision sport. Pydantic, in this story, is like the eagle-eyed archer hitting the bullseye of data correctness. Define your data models, and watch FastAPI ensure everything fits like the perfect Tetris block – snug, satisfying, and error-free.
What is the difference between Junior, Middle, Senior and Expert FastApi developer?
Seniority Name | Years of Experience | Average Salary (USD/year) | Responsibilities & Activities |
---|---|---|---|
Junior FastApi Developer | 0-2 | $50,000 - $70,000 |
|
Middle FastApi Developer | 2-5 | $70,000 - $100,000 |
|
Senior FastApi Developer | 5+ | $100,000 - $130,000 |
|
Expert/Team Lead FastApi Developer | 8+ | $130,000+ |
|
Top 10 FastApi Related Tech
Python
Slither into the heart of FastAPI with Python, the language that’s as friendly as a pet snake at a geek convention. Designed for readability, Python lets you write web services with fewer lines of code than your granny’s knitting patterns. When used with FastAPI, Python's concise syntax helps developers craft APIs faster than a barista pulls espresso shots during the morning rush.
# A simple FastAPI endpoint in Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}FastAPI Framework
FastAPI: it's not about losing weight quickly, but about building APIs at warp speed. This modern, fast web framework is built on Starlette for the web parts and Pydantic for the data parts. It's like having a Swiss Army knife; it has all the tools to build a highly performative API that handles asynchronous requests and solves your concurrency woes without breaking into a sweat.
# Boot up FastAPI
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
return itemStarlette
If FastAPI is the shiny sports car, then Starlette is the powerful engine under the hood. This lightweight ASGI framework lays the groundwork for websockets, GraphQL, and other asynchronous goodies. It's what makes FastAPI quicker than a squirrel on an energy drink. Starlette makes your apps not just fast but also versatile, just like a multitasking octopus in rollerblades.
Pydantic
Imagine Bob Ross painting happy little JSON objects; that's Pydantic bringing order to your data. With Pydantic, you can create data models faster than a toddler builds blocks, ensuring that your data is valid and type-annotated. It's like having a bouncer at the club, but for your data, making sure that only the cool, well-typed stuff gets through.
# Pydantic models in action
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: str = None
price: float
tax: float = NoneSQLAlchemy
SQLAlchemy is the ORM that treats databases like a relationship, not a one-night stand. It's all about long-term interaction with your data. Whether you're into SQL databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL, or SQLite, SQLAlchemy plays Cupid, helping your app and database communicate smoothly. With ORM power, you can manage your database relationships without writing raw SQL, avoiding the tedious task like someone avoiding spoilers for the series finale.
Alembic
Alembic is to database schema updates what a time machine is to a history buff. This database migration tool lets you track, version, and apply incremental changes to your database like you're turning the pages of your high-school yearbook. No more database drama during updates, just smooth transitions that are slicker than a penguin on an ice slide.
Uvicorn
Uvicorn is an ASGI server faster than a kangaroo on a skateboard. It's the unicorn-powered rocket that launches your FastAPI apps into the stratosphere. With support for HTTP/2 and websockets, Uvicorn makes your app not just speedy but also modern, like that new smartphone you can't wait to show off.
# Run a FastAPI app with Uvicorn
import uvicorn
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run("myapp:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, log_level="info")Docker
Docker is like those plastic containers in your kitchen, but for your code. It packages your app and all its dependencies into a neat little container, making deployment a breeze. With Docker, your development environment woes are gone, making it as easy as heating up leftovers in a microwave. Just build it, ship it, and run it anywhere without fearing the "it works on my machine" curse.
Swagger/OpenAPI
Swagger (now known as OpenAPI) is your API's dating profile; it shows off your endpoints to the world with elegance. This tool is all about making documentation as exciting as flipping through a glossy magazine, with interactive explorations of your API that make postman a little jealous. It's like having a map of Middle-earth for your API; you'll always know where to go.
OAuth2/JWT for Authentication
OAuth2 and JWT are the dynamic duo guarding the gates of your API, like Gandalf but in the form of tokens. OAuth2 is the framework that handles the handshakes, and JWT is the token that carries the secret messages. Together, they ensure that only the chosen ones (i.e., authorized users) get to commune with your precious data. It's like a VIP party, and these guys are the bouncers.