How statistics are calculated
We count how many offers each candidate received and for what salary. For example, if a DevOps developer with Docker with a salary of $4,500 received 10 offers, then we would count him 10 times. If there were no offers, then he would not get into the statistics either.
The graph column is the total number of offers. This is not the number of vacancies, but an indicator of the level of demand. The more offers there are, the more companies try to hire such a specialist. 5k+ includes candidates with salaries >= $5,000 and < $5,500.
Median Salary Expectation – the weighted average of the market offer in the selected specialization, that is, the most frequent job offers for the selected specialization received by candidates. We do not count accepted or rejected offers.
Trending DevOps tech & tools in 2024
DevOps
What is a DevOps Engineer?
A DevOps engineer is an IT generalist who should have a wide-ranging knowledge of both development and operations, including coding, infrastructure management, system administration, and DevOps toolchains. DevOps engineers should also possess interpersonal skills since they work across company silos to create a more collaborative environment.
DevOps engineers need to have a strong understanding of common system architecture, provisioning, and administration, but must also have experience with the traditional developer toolset and practices such as using source control, giving and receiving code reviews, writing unit tests, and familiarity with agile principles.
Roles and Responsibilities
The role of a DevOps engineer will vary from one organization to another, but invariably entails some combination of:
- Release engineering
- Infrastructure provisioning and management
- System administration
- Security
- DevOps advocacy
Release Engineering
Release engineering includes the work required to build and deploy application code. The exact tools and processes vary widely depending on many variables, such as what language the code is written in, how much of the pipeline has been automated, and whether the production infrastructure is on-premise or in the cloud.
Release engineering might entail:
- Selecting, provisioning, and maintaining CI/CD tooling
- Writing and maintaining bespoke build/deploy scripts
Infrastructure Provisioning and System Administration
Infrastructure provisioning and system administration include deploying and maintaining the servers, storage, and networking resources required to host applications.
For organizations with on-premise resources this might include managing physical servers, storage devices, switches, and virtualization software in a data center. For a hybrid or entirely cloud-based organization this will usually include provisioning and managing virtual instances of the same components.
DevOps Advocacy
DevOps advocacy is often undervalued or overlooked entirely but is arguably the most important role of a DevOps engineer. The shift to a DevOps culture can be disruptive and confusing to the engineering team members. As the DevOps subject matter expert, it falls to the DevOps engineer to help evangelize and educate the DevOps way across the organization.
Top 7 DevOps Engineer Skills
Skill | Description |
---|---|
Communication and collaboration | It’s important for a DevOps engineer to communicate and collaborate effectively with teams, managers, and customers. These so-called “soft-skills” are often overlooked and undervalued, but the success of DevOps relies heavily on the quality and quantity of feedback across the entire value stream. |
System administration | A DevOps engineer will have experience with system administration, such as provisioning and managing servers, deploying databases, security monitoring, system patching, and managing internal and external network connectivity. |
Experience with DevOps tools | Since using the right tools are essential to DevOps practices, the DevOps engineer must understand, and be able to use, a variety of tools. These tools span the DevOps lifecycle from infrastructure and building, to monitoring and operating a product or service. |
Configuration management | DevOps engineers will often be expected to have experience with one or more configuration management tools such as Chef, Puppet, or Ansible. Many organizations have adopted these or similar tools to automate system administration tasks such as deploying new systems or applying security patches to systems already running. |
Containers and container orchestration | With containerization, a technology popularized by Docker, the code for the application and its runtime environment are bundled in the same image. This makes traditional configuration management tools less necessary. At the same time, managing containers brings its own challenges, and experience with the class of tools known as “container orchestrators” (e.g., Docker Swarm or Kubernetes) becomes a necessary skill for the DevOps engineer. |
Continuous integration and continuous deployment | Continuous integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) are core practices of a DevOps approach to software development, and enabled by a host of available tools. The most fundamental function of any CI/CD tool or set of tools is to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software. DevOps engineers will usually need experience with configuring and deploying one or more CI/CD tools, and will usually need to work closely with the rest of the development organization to ensure that these tools are used effectively. |
System architecture and provisioning | A DevOps engineer should have the ability to design, provision, and manage computer ecosystems, whether on-premise or in the cloud. |
Where is Docker used?
Containerize and Mesmerize
- Squashing bugs becomes a breeze in isolated container jungles, a safe haven for trying out quirky code without the fear of apocalypse.
Scaling Mountains with Containers
- Scaling applications is like herding sheep with Docker. Containers can be multiplied faster than rabbits, each minding its own business.
Consistency in the Face of Chaos
- Ever tried to make identical cupcakes in a home kitchen? Docker ensures your code 'bakes' the same in every environment, from your machine to Mars.
Legacy Code Time Machine
- Legacy code can feel like an old family recipe. Docker containers let you run that ancient code without summoning spirits from the tech-past.
Docker Alternatives
Podman
Podman is an open-source, daemonless container engine for developing, managing, and running OCI Containers on your Linux System, designed to be a drop-in replacement for Docker.
# Running a container with Podman
podman run -dt -p 8080:80/tcp docker.io/library/nginx
- Doesn't require a daemon
- Can run rootless containers
- Directly manipulable with systemd
- Lacks the full ecosystem of Docker
- Less community traction compared to Docker
- Tooling may not be as mature or feature-rich
Kubernetes
Kubernetes is a portable, extensible open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services.
# A simple Kubernetes pod definition
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
- Excellent for orchestration of containers
- Self-healing mechanisms with automatic scaling
- Large community and ecosystem
- Steep learning curve
- Complex setup and maintenance
- Often overkill for simple projects
LXD
LXD is a next-generation system container and virtual machine manager offering a Docker-like experience to run Linux containers.
# Launching a new container with LXD
lxc launch ubuntu:18.04 mycontainer
- Combines features of VMs and Docker-like containers
- Full Linux operating system inside containers
- Supports container snapshots and migration
- Focused more on system containers than apps
- Mostly limited to Linux workloads
- Less mainstream usage in microservices
Quick Facts about Docker
Unleashing Container Chaos: Docker Docks in 2013
Picture this: it's 2013, the tech world is bustling with innovation, and out pops Docker, crafted by the tech whiz Solomon Hykes and his savvy crew at dotCloud (which, spoiler alert, undergoes a magical transformation and is now known as Docker Inc). Docker swaggers into the realm of software development, toting its containerization coolness that lets you package your app and its entourage of dependencies into a neat, portable container. Developers everywhere scoff at the ancient ways of the past and revel in the Docker revolution.
Whale of a Time: The Docker Symbol You Can’t Forget
Ever seen a whale cheerfully hauling a bunch of containers? That's Docker's adorably mighty mascot, cleverly symbolizing the weighty task Docker takes on. In the Docker-verse, this whale not-so-gently nudged aside clunky old virtual machines and declared, "Containers for everyone!" And thus began the era where small is big, and everybody wants a piece of the container pie. #TeamWhale
Docker Gets a New Playmate: Meet Moby, ca. 2017
In the ever-so-energetic world of Docker, 2017 is a year to remember. Docker decided it was time to play matchmaker and introduced us to Moby: Docker's open-source offspring, designed to be the keystone of container ecosystems. Geeks and nerds alike were ecstatic, tinkering away with their newfound friend, and relishing in the joys of creating custom container-based systems. A match made in tech heaven, I tell you!
The Code Whisperer: Dockerfile Speaks Volumes
# Behold the mighty Dockerfile: a recipe for container creation!
FROM python:3.8-slim
WORKDIR /code
COPY . /code
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
CMD ["python", "app.py"]
With this little incantation, developers summon apps into containers with the ease of a microwave dinner. It's the software equivalent of "just add water", or in this context, "just build and run". This Dockerfile spells out the steps to conjure up a Python app in a cozy container, ready to be shipped out to the world faster than you can say "abracadabra!"
What is the difference between Junior, Middle, Senior and Expert Docker developer?
Seniority Name | Years of Experience | Average Salary (USD/year) | Responsibilities & Activities |
---|---|---|---|
Junior | 0-2 | 50,000 - 80,000 |
|
Middle | 2-5 | 80,000 - 120,000 |
|
Senior | 5-10 | 120,000 - 160,000 |
|
Expert/Team Lead | 10+ | 160,000 - 200,000+ |
|
Top 10 Docker Related Tech
Docker Compose
Imagine trying to juggle twenty balls simultaneously; that's managing multiple Docker containers without Docker Compose. This tool is like having an extra pair of hands. It allows you to define and run multi-container Docker applications with ease, using a YAML file to configure the services. It’s like conducting an orchestra with a sandwich in your hand – efficient and oddly satisfying.
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
redis:
image: "redis"
Container Orchestration with Kubernetes
Ever wanted to be the captain of a fleet of ships? Kubernetes lets you steer your container ships across the rough seas of the internet with precision. K8s, as the cool kids call it, helps manage, scale, and deploy containers like a well-played game of Battleship.
kubectl run hello-world --image=gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0 --port=8080
CI/CD with Jenkins
If Docker containers are the shiny cars, then Jenkins is the assembly line that never sleeps. This continuous integration and delivery buddy can automate the building, testing, and deployment of your Dockerized apps. Jenkins pipelines flow smoother than a fresh jar of peanut butter!
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'echo "Building..."'
// Build docker image
}
}
}
}
Monitoring with Prometheus
Being the Big Brother of your Docker containers is crucial, and Prometheus nails it with its monitoring prowess. Track the health and metrics of your containers as if you had an entire surveillance system at your fingertips. It's the digital equivalent of hover-parenting.
- job_name: 'docker'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
Logging with ELK Stack
Need to Sherlock Holmes your way through the logs of your Docker containers? The ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana) is your detective kit. It turns the cryptic log files into a map to buried treasure, highlighting where 'X' marks the spot for bugs.
input {
tcp {
port => 5000
type => syslog
}
}
output {
elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost:9200"] }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
Infrastructure as Code with Terraform
Calling all lazy developers who still want to rule their cloud kingdom! Terraform is your trusty spellbook for defining, launching, and managing infrastructure using simple, declarative code. It's like playing Minecraft with your infrastructure, but in real life.
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
}
Container Registry with Harbor
Ever wished your Docker images had a cozy little villa to call home? Welcome to Harbor, the registry which ensures that your containers are stored and managed securely. Think of it as an exclusive hotel for Docker images, minus the outrageous minibar prices.
docker push myregistrydomain.com/myproject/myrepo:mytag
Networking with Calico
Fancy having your own private internet for your containers? Calico is like a VIP club for container networking. It provides a secure and scalable network fabric for containers, featuring a bouncer that only lets in the packets you want.
calicoctl create -f - <apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-travel
namespace: default
spec:
selector: all()
types:
- Ingress
- Egress
EOF
Service Mesh with Istio
Want a personal assistant for managing service-to-service communication in your containerized app? Istio is the Jeeves to your Wooster when it comes to routing, securing, and observing the network traffic between your Docker services. It's the Swiss Army knife in a world where every knife is pretty much a spoon.
kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f myapp.yaml)
Secrets Management with Vault
Do you like keeping your secrets safe? Vault is like a digital Fort Knox for your sensitive data and API keys. It allows you to store, manage, and control access to tokens, passwords, certificates, and other secrets. Because leaving secrets lying around is about smart as using "password" as your password.
vault write secret/hello value=world